{"id":3801,"date":"2026-09-03T13:47:13","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T05:47:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/?p=3801"},"modified":"2026-09-03T14:02:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T06:02:32","slug":"xnor-gate-truth-table","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/de\/xnor-gate-truth-table\/","title":{"rendered":"XNOR Gate Truth Table"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3801\" class=\"elementor elementor-3801\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2197b92e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2197b92e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d9be44 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63d9be44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e7bd4e 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elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"750f0992\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">XNOR Gate Truth Table: Boolean Expression, Symbol &amp; Practical Circuit Guide<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f148d1d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f148d1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1572d357 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1572d357\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-573558fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"573558fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items 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data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f701608 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f701608\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6542af0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6542af0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fc5377 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2fc5377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Opening Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60de128 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60de128\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0abdb44 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0abdb44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c676d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c676d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-465ba62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"465ba62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Quick Answer:<\/strong>The XNOR gate (exclusive NOR) outputs HIGH (1) only when all of its inputs are equal \u2014 both 0 or both 1 for a 2-input gate. Its core truth table reads: 00\u21921, 01\u21920, 10\u21920, 11\u21921. Also called an equivalence gate, it is the logical complement of the XOR gate, and is widely used in even parity checking, equality comparators, and address decoding circuits on PCBs.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e96cc1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e96cc1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0176ae0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0176ae0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69ac48d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69ac48d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">Digital logic design relies on a small set of standard gates, and few are as frequently mixed up as the XOR and XNOR. If you\u2019ve ever spent 20 minutes debugging a prototype PCB only to realize you\u2019d swapped the two in your schematic, you know how important it is to get the truth table straight.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6164dbf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6164dbf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5bf556 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5bf556\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ef1458 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ef1458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XNOR_gate\"><strong>XNOR gate<\/strong><\/a> \u2014 short for exclusive NOR \u2014 is essentially an <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XOR_gate\"><strong>XOR gate<\/strong><\/a> with an inverted output. But that simple inversion changes everything about how it behaves in a circuit, from parity calculation to signal comparison. In this guide, we\u2019ll break down the XNOR truth table in full, walk through its Boolean expression and standard schematic symbol, show how to build one from universal gates, and cover real-world use cases that come up constantly in PCB design and testing.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc0b985 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc0b985\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16a8d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c16a8d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15b14d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15b14d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Is an XNOR Gate?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd2322f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd2322f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fe3df1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2fe3df1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd0478e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd0478e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AX0efyGQXdVFtFcRvpnc2pLmnoB\"><div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" 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data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcndzELlYLheHbHOhrPpkZaSe\">An XNOR gate is a digital logic gate that outputs a HIGH (1) signal when the number of HIGH inputs is even, and LOW (0) when the number of HIGH inputs is odd. For the common 2-input configuration, this simplifies to a simple rule: the output is 1 when both inputs are the same, and 0 when they differ. This is why it\u2019s also commonly called an equivalence gate.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50736a1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50736a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02dbcc2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"02dbcc2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ff963a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ff963a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It\u2019s the exact complement of the XOR (exclusive OR) gate. Where XOR outputs 1 for mismatched inputs, XNOR outputs 1 for matched inputs. The two are so closely tied that most datasheets list them side by side, and many standard IC packages include both gate types in a single chip.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-302a8bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"302a8bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca85dba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca85dba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c99b3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c99b3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2-Input XNOR Gate Truth Table<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cae1d18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cae1d18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca2690 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ca2690\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b8df9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b8df9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The 2-input XNOR truth table is the version you\u2019ll use 90% of the time in standard digital design. It maps every possible combination of two binary inputs to the corresponding output.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-761b1fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"761b1fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a48560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"4a48560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-123\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"5\"\n           data-wpID=\"123\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"1\">\n\n                    <thead>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold wpdt-bc-E4E4E4\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Input A                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold wpdt-bc-E4E4E4\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Input B                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold wpdt-bc-E4E4E4\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Output Y (A \u2299 B)                    <\/th>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-123'>\n.wpdt-bc-E4E4E4 { background-color: #E4E4E4 !important;}\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f16b8d0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f16b8d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ca5c20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5ca5c20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ebc26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1ebc26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Let\u2019s walk through each row to make the logic clear:<\/p><ul><li>When both A and B are LOW (0,0): The inputs match, so the XNOR output is HIGH (1).<\/li><li>When A is LOW and B is HIGH (0,1): The inputs differ, so the output is LOW (0).<\/li><li>When A is HIGH and B is LOW (1,0): The inputs differ, so the output is LOW (0).<\/li><li>When both A and B are HIGH (1,1): The inputs match, so the output is HIGH (1).<\/li><\/ul><p>This \u201csame = 1, different = 0\u201d pattern is the easiest way to memorize the XNOR truth table. If you ever get confused mid-debug, just remember: XNOR = same outputs 1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ff1d1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97ff1d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9416d97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9416d97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_25qo0j25qo0j25qo-1024x559.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3803\" alt=\"Clean visual rendering of the 2-input XNOR truth table alongside the standard XNOR logic symbol, with inputs A and B and output Y labeled. Highlight the two rows where output = 1 to emphasize the \u201cinputs equal\u201d pattern\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_25qo0j25qo0j25qo-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_25qo0j25qo0j25qo-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_25qo0j25qo0j25qo-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_25qo0j25qo0j25qo.jpg 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73d4437 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73d4437\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0662db2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0662db2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bc3ff7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0bc3ff7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Boolean Expression of the XNOR Gate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fa5c90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1fa5c90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c9fdea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c9fdea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf8e00c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf8e00c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From the truth table, we can derive the standard Boolean expression for the XNOR operation. We sum the product terms for every row where the output equals 1:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd0acab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dd0acab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-882fcf5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"882fcf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dc7dfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dc7dfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A \u2299 B = AB + A&#8217;B&#8217;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7a2278 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c7a2278\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2422977 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2422977\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f810a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f810a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Here, <code>A'<\/code> and <code>B'<\/code> represent the logical NOT (inversion) of inputs A and B. The expression reads as \u201cA AND B, OR NOT A AND NOT B\u201d \u2014 which directly matches the two rows of the truth table that produce a HIGH output.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c41817 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c41817\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76cb9a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"76cb9a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d6f542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d6f542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A very useful identity to remember is that XNOR is simply the inverse of XOR:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2ad0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d2ad0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5019a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d5019a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-936d825 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"936d825\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A \u2299 B = (A \u2295 B)&#8217;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc06314 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc06314\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561e6a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"561e6a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c5f1d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c5f1d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is handy in circuit design. If you only have an XOR gate on hand, you can add a single NOT gate (or tie the output to an inverter) and get XNOR functionality without swapping components.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed292ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ed292ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57852 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c57852\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9af5665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9af5665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">XNOR Gate Circuit Diagram<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f179873 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f179873\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-150cdff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"150cdff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82191e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82191e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"NSdodkSrZox8aZxlOCWc3f2lnTd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><p class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3vAesXv9mQ5wbVOIKnyJGh\">Like all standard logic gates, the XNOR can be constructed from combinations of simpler gates. This is useful knowledge for both understanding how the gate works at the transistor level, and for troubleshooting designs built from universal gate arrays.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feee9f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"feee9f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3718df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3718df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-092a5a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"092a5a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"NSdodkSrZox8aZxlOCWc3f2lnTd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\"><h3 style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 16px;\">Built from AND, OR, and NOT Gates<\/h3><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67a0365 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67a0365\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3674aa2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3674aa2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8b01a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8b01a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"NSdodkSrZox8aZxlOCWc3f2lnTd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\"><p>The most straightforward implementation uses two AND gates, one OR gate, and two NOT gates:<\/p><ol><li>Feed both inputs directly into the first AND gate (produces the <code>AB<\/code> term).<\/li><li>Invert both inputs with NOT gates, then feed them into the second AND gate (produces the <code>A'B'<\/code> term).<\/li><li>Feed the outputs of both AND gates into an OR gate.<\/li><li>The output of the OR gate is the final XNOR result.<\/li><\/ol><p>This construction directly mirrors the Boolean expression, making it easy to verify against the truth table.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e96cb02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e96cb02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c65094 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c65094\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c7586 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71c7586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"NSdodkSrZox8aZxlOCWc3f2lnTd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 16px;\">Built from NAND Gates Only<\/h3>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-843060b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"843060b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2d645d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2d645d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c6dc26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c6dc26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"NSdodkSrZox8aZxlOCWc3f2lnTd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\"><p>NAND gates are universal gates, meaning you can build any other logic function using only NAND gates. To build an XNOR entirely from NAND gates:<\/p><ol><li>Build an OR gate structure using two NAND gates with inverted inputs.<\/li><li>Build an AND gate structure using three NAND gates.<\/li><li>Combine the two stages with a final NAND gate configured to act as AND with inverted inputs.<\/li><\/ol><p>While it takes more components, this is a common approach in programmable logic and ASIC design where NAND gates are the most abundant cell type.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cda3e93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cda3e93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-393cd6a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"393cd6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f46607 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f46607\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"NSdodkSrZox8aZxlOCWc3f2lnTd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\">\n    <h3 style=\"color:#800000;font-size:16px;\">Built from NOR Gates Only<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-474f729 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"474f729\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c2e7ed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c2e7ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-574224d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"574224d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"NSdodkSrZox8aZxlOCWc3f2lnTd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\"><p>You can also construct an XNOR using only NOR gates, another universal gate type:<\/p><ol><li>Build an AND gate using three NOR gates.<\/li><li>Build an OR gate using two NOR gates.<\/li><li>Combine the outputs with a final NOR gate arranged to produce the equivalence function.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de45088 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de45088\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28677c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"28677c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_iism1oiism1oiism-1024x559.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3804\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_iism1oiism1oiism-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_iism1oiism1oiism-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_iism1oiism1oiism-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_iism1oiism1oiism.jpg 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d92f71 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d92f71\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1b70d4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1b70d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6917b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c6917b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Logical Symbol of the XNOR Gate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7bbb83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7bbb83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f7ec7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f7ec7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8085bf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8085bf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The standard schematic symbol for an XNOR gate is easy to recognize once you know the convention. It uses the same curved-body shape as an OR gate, with an extra curved line just behind the input terminals \u2014 the same marker used for XOR. The key difference is a small inversion bubble (circle) at the output terminal.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>That output bubble is the universal schematic notation for logical inversion. It tells you at a glance: this is an XOR gate, but the output is flipped.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In Boolean algebra and equations, the XNOR operation is denoted by the dot-in-circle symbol: <code>\u2299<\/code> So A XNOR B is written as: <code>A \u2299 B<\/code><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb292f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eb292f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6663aaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6663aaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y2fx7oy2fx7oy2fx-1024x559.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3808\" alt=\"Large, clear rendering of the standard 2-input XNOR schematic symbol, with input pins A and B on the left and output pin Y on the right. Label the input curve and output bubble explicitly to show how it differs from XOR.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y2fx7oy2fx7oy2fx-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y2fx7oy2fx7oy2fx-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y2fx7oy2fx7oy2fx-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_y2fx7oy2fx7oy2fx.jpg 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8960c94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8960c94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2276e1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2276e1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e10f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71e10f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3-Input XNOR Gate Truth Table<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11adab8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11adab8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e09fbed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e09fbed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47c4a4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47c4a4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While 2-input gates are the most common, XNOR gates can be expanded to three or more inputs. The rule stays the same at its core: the output is HIGH when the number of HIGH inputs is even.<\/p><p>Here\u2019s the full 3-input XNOR truth table:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0a74fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0a74fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f37f5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0f37f5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;\">\r\n  <thead>\r\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#DFDFDF;\">\r\n      <th>Input A<\/th>\r\n      <th>Input B<\/th>\r\n      <th>Input C<\/th>\r\n      <th>Output Y<\/th>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/thead>\r\n  <tbody>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce05657 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ce05657\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b422599 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b422599\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-910b943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"910b943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Notice the pattern:<\/strong> every row with 0 or 2 HIGH inputs outputs 1 (even count), and every row with 1 or 3 HIGH inputs outputs 0 (odd count). This even-parity behavior makes multi-input XNOR gates useful for wider bus parity checking.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e0a792 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e0a792\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aea4b8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aea4b8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa5d26a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa5d26a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">XNOR vs XOR: Truth Table Side-by-Side<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cda6dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cda6dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c692ff6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c692ff6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81008cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81008cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The easiest way to keep these two gates straight is to compare their truth tables directly. The outputs are exact inverses of each other for every input combination.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cb2a0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9cb2a0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c48e05a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c48e05a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;\">\r\n  <thead>\r\n    <tr style=\"background-color:#DFDFDF;\">\r\n      <th>Inputs A,B<\/th>\r\n      <th>XOR Output (A \u2295 B)<\/th>\r\n      <th>XNOR Output (A \u2299 B)<\/th>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/thead>\r\n  <tbody>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>00<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>01<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>10<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>11<\/td>\r\n      <td>0<\/td>\r\n      <td>1<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f0385d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f0385d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06286fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06286fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00d6409 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00d6409\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Key takeaway:<\/p><ul><li>XOR = 1 when inputs are different<\/li><li>XNOR = 1 when inputs are the same<\/li><\/ul><p>If you can remember one, you can always derive the other by flipping the output.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88de98 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a88de98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54d9228 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54d9228\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db9a004 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db9a004\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practical Applications of XNOR Gates in PCB Design<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beb677d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"beb677d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9547bc4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9547bc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5b09a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5b09a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Truth tables and Boolean expressions are textbook material \u2014 but where do you actually use XNOR gates in real PCB work? These are the three most common use cases we run into in prototype and manufacturing design.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-023a11b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"023a11b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e58d31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e58d31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5760114 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5760114\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 16px;\">1. Even Parity Checking &amp; Error Detection<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b35ef4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b35ef4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad9348 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ad9348\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f0e4da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f0e4da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is the single most common application. XNOR gates sit at the heart of even parity generation and checking circuits for data transmission.<\/p><ul><li>On the transmit side: an XNOR calculates the even parity bit for a data byte.<\/li><li>On the receive side: another XNOR recomputes the parity and compares it to the received bit.<\/li><li>If they match, the data is assumed error-free.<\/li><\/ul><p>For PCB design, this comes up constantly in communication interfaces, memory interfaces, and any bus where data integrity matters.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f488c63 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f488c63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c61645e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c61645e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3697f00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3697f00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 16px;\">2. Equality Comparators &#038; Address Decoding<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a06d48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8a06d48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f54c89 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f54c89\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4069793 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4069793\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>XNOR gates output 1 only when inputs match, which makes them perfect for comparison circuits.<\/p><ul><li>In address decoding: an XNOR-based comparator checks if the address on the bus matches a target device address.<\/li><li>When all bits match, the output goes HIGH and activates the chip select signal.<\/li><\/ul><p>This is a fundamental building block of microprocessor PCBs and memory module circuits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92b0f29 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"92b0f29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08ec52c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08ec52c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf9e3ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf9e3ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 16px;\">3. Phase &#038; Level Detection<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4b8775 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4b8775\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-571c865 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"571c865\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87d336a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87d336a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In signal conditioning circuits, XNOR gates can compare the phase or logic level of two signals. When the signals are in phase or at the same logic level, the output stays HIGH. This is useful for clock synchronization circuits and simple frequency comparison.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acd75f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"acd75f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b63f1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1b63f1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_m21wvwm21wvwm21w-1024x559.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3809\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_m21wvwm21wvwm21w-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_m21wvwm21wvwm21w-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_m21wvwm21wvwm21w-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_m21wvwm21wvwm21w.jpg 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a19d95c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a19d95c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6eb356 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6eb356\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb4b00f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb4b00f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Common Mistakes When Working With XNOR Truth Tables<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aead866 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aead866\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54555b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54555b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaf519 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcaf519\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After years of debugging digital boards, these are the two errors we see most often \u2014 even from experienced engineers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2049513 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2049513\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f27bc0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f27bc0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-116a3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"116a3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul style=\"line-height:31px;\">\n \t<li><strong>Mixing up XOR and XNOR output polarity<\/strong> This is the number one mistake. It\u2019s extremely easy to grab the wrong gate from the parts bin or select the wrong symbol in your schematic tool. Always double\u2011check the truth table against your design intent before committing to a layout.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Misremembering multi\u2011input parity rules<\/strong> For 3+ input gates, people often assume XNOR outputs 1 when all inputs are 1. That\u2019s true for 2 inputs, but for 3 inputs all HIGH gives 0 output. Always count the number of 1s: even = 1, odd = 0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57ddf84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57ddf84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdac978 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cdac978\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccdd92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ccdd92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e0a43f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0e0a43f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cec81d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cec81d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cba00fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cba00fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The XNOR gate might look like just a flipped XOR at first glance, but its truth table enables a whole set of critical functions in digital design \u2014 from parity checking to address decoding. Memorizing the 2-input pattern (\u201csame = 1, different = 0\u201d) will save you hours of debugging on the bench and prevent schematic mistakes that slow down prototype bring-up.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d964bcd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d964bcd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3803662 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3803662\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72ed0f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72ed0f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Whether you\u2019re laying out a simple logic circuit or verifying a complex bus interface, keeping the XNOR truth table handy ensures you pick the right gate for the job. And if you ever get confused, just remember: XNOR is the gate that agrees with itself \u2014 it outputs 1 when both inputs say the same thing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a446a0b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a446a0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b63dd91 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b63dd91\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f592480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f592480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About US<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5dd9e1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b5dd9e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d2aab8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d2aab8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72a5de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72a5de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AX0efyGQXdVFtFcRvpnc2pLmnoB\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BT5kfhWgHdywXVcMVz8cJIr1nGg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JXNMf5m9YdhPnjcHWBAcgeVpnjh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OgeMfov1VdTuRUc4j6dcRUSQneK\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-R486f5CMedBo2ccaZjmcgnYhnmd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-D4BBf2GkVdFkOGc0IepczSGdnPh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XCa0fHu0hdDCRHcHLbscFioInkf\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-YjdxflKVKdtelZcDWYEcazNDnbc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MoKEfKI4EdzEuPcCo3JcUGJMnac\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HKXTfaw8Sd5zbxcNUYIc3xO7ndd\">Founded in 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/about-us\/\"><strong>JKRGLO<\/strong><\/a> strives to build a one-stop platform for the electronic industry chain. By integrating PCB manufacturing, component procurement and PCB assembly services, we enable digital PCBA processing. With increasing investment in innovation and digital systems, we have achieved rapid growth and emerged as a leading PCB and PCBA manufacturer in the industry, capable of rapidly producing high-reliability and cost-effective products.<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HKXTfaw8Sd5zbxcNUYIc3xO7ndd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/about-us\/\"><strong>About US<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a93e228 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a93e228\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1914e57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1914e57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36ac484 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36ac484\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AX0efyGQXdVFtFcRvpnc2pLmnoB\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BT5kfhWgHdywXVcMVz8cJIr1nGg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JXNMf5m9YdhPnjcHWBAcgeVpnjh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OgeMfov1VdTuRUc4j6dcRUSQneK\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-R486f5CMedBo2ccaZjmcgnYhnmd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-D4BBf2GkVdFkOGc0IepczSGdnPh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XCa0fHu0hdDCRHcHLbscFioInkf\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-YjdxflKVKdtelZcDWYEcazNDnbc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MoKEfKI4EdzEuPcCo3JcUGJMnac\">\n<div data-page-id=\"On0jfNld3d6I7ecMLyzcfgHXnYb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HKXTfaw8Sd5zbxcNUYIc3xO7ndd\">\n<h3><strong>You may also be interested in&#8230;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-992e804 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"992e804\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b1949f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b1949f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc9e307 elementor-widget 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Installation<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e7ba75 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e7ba75\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33a0b64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33a0b64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/what-are-led-pcbs\/\">&gt;What Are LED PCBs? A Complete Guide to Types, Materials, Design, Manufacturing &amp; Applications<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06f266a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06f266a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdea6d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdea6d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/pcb-material-selection-guide\/\">&gt;PCB Material Selection Guide: Types, Properties, Applications &amp; Expert Design Tips<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccb631a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ccb631a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974c81f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"974c81f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a89fd1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a89fd1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u672a\u6807\u9898-9.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3757\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u672a\u6807\u9898-9.jpg 400w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u672a\u6807\u9898-9-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u672a\u6807\u9898-9-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba143a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba143a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-122b40c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"122b40c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7523c7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7523c7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About the Author<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-615827b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"615827b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af5d9f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af5d9f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Andrew Zhan &#8211;\u00a0 R&amp;D Engineer at JKRGLO.com<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eb8489 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3eb8489\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2e1c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c2e1c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With over 14 years of R&amp;D engineering experience in the PCB industry, Andrew Zhan brings deep expertise in circuit design optimization and DFM implementation. He focuses on translating complex design requirements into production-ready solutions, driving technical innovation for both prototype and mass production.<br \/>Working closely with cross-functional teams and clients, he ensures rigorous quality validation and seamless technical communication across the full project lifecycle. Andrew is committed to delivering reliable, high-performance PCB solutions that consistently exceed customer expectations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47e9ae48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47e9ae48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:93,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;laptop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40c24d4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"40c24d4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b92067 elementor-toc--content-ellipsis elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"23b92067\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;\\u5728\\u6b64\\u9875\\u9762\\u4e0a\\u627e\\u4e0d\\u5230\\u6807\\u9898\\u3002&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;collapse_subitems&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:205,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__23b92067\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__23b92067\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__23b92067\" class=\"elementor-toc__body elementor-toc__list-items--collapsible\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba15a39 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ba15a39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6e8355 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d6e8355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62c619c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"62c619c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a2fbe1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a2fbe1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d237b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d237b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Still, need help? Contact Us:\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f4509c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f4509c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"mailto:wm-sale03@jkr.net.cn\">wm-sale03@jkr.net.cn<\/a><br \/><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8418855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8418855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d749c5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d749c5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Need a PCB or PCBA quote?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f68e762 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f68e762\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/jkrglo.com\/contact-us\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Quote now<\/span><br \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d825878 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d825878\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c516e3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c516e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13e713b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13e713b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16fd48e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16fd48e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Tag:<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8078688 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8078688\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f34dcff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f34dcff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PCB manufacturing<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cf2048 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6cf2048\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a57c959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a57c959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">multimeter<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49c532b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49c532b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bebc8e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bebc8e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hardware Engineer<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df72ae1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df72ae1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5912e6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5912e6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">digital multimeter<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ded42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74ded42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d14cb73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d14cb73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">electronic components<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b13e45e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b13e45e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01e265d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01e265d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">pcb testing<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-935f1f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"935f1f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f15efa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f15efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">troubleshooting<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>XNOR Gate Truth Table: Boolean Expression, Symbol &amp; Practical Circuit Guide Facebook X-twitter Youtube Opening Introduction Quick Answer:The XNOR gate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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